Modern synthetic theory of evolution is based on

Options

A. a.Genetic and chromosomal mutations
B. b.Genetic recombination and natural selection
C. c.Reproductive isolation
D. d.All of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution**: The modern synthetic theory of evolution integrates various biological concepts to explain how evolution occurs. It emphasizes genetic changes within populations over time.

2. **Key Components of the Theory**:
- **Genetic Recombination**: This refers to the process where new genotypes are formed from existing ones through the combination of genes during reproduction.
- **Mutation**: Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits among individuals. These variations are crucial for evolution as they provide the raw material for natural selection.
- **Heredity**: This is the process through which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring, ensuring that variations can be inherited.
- **Natural Selection**: This is the mechanism by which certain traits become more common in a population due to their advantageous effects on survival and reproduction.
- **Isolation**: This refers to the separation of populations, which can prevent interbreeding and lead to the formation of new species over time.

3. **Conclusion**: The modern synthetic theory of evolution is based on the interplay of genetic recombination, mutations, heredity, natural selection, and isolation. All these factors contribute to the evolutionary process.

4. **Answering the Question**: When asked what the modern synthetic theory of evolution is based on, the correct answer is **Option D: all of the above**, as it encompasses genetic and chromosomal mutations, genetic recombination, natural selection, and reproductive isolation.