What molecular evidence suggests that Homo sapiens originated in Africa and then radiated out to other places ?
A. Maximum variations are found in the mitochondrial DNA of Africans
B. Variations in Y-chromosomes
C.Similarity in skull of apes and man
D. Binocular vision

Options

A. (A) only
B. A and B
C. (A),(B) and (C )
D. (A),(B),(C ) and (D)

Answer

To answer the question regarding the molecular evidence that suggests Homo sapiens originated in Africa and then radiated out to other places, we can analyze the given options step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)**:
- Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally and is used to trace lineage and evolutionary relationships.
- Studies have shown that the maximum variation in mtDNA is found in African populations. This implies that these populations have had a longer period of evolution, supporting the idea that modern humans originated in Africa.

2. **Analyzing Y-Chromosome Variations**:
- The Y chromosome is inherited paternally and also provides insights into human evolution.
- Variations in the Y chromosome among different populations can indicate migration patterns and ancestral origins. Similar to mtDNA, significant variations in Y chromosomes have been observed in African males, supporting the African origin hypothesis.

3. **Evaluating Other Options**:
- **C. Similarity in skull of apes and man**: While this may indicate evolutionary relationships, it does not specifically provide molecular evidence for the origin of Homo sapiens.
- **D. Binocular vision**: This trait is more related to the evolution of vision in primates and does not serve as molecular evidence for the origin of Homo sapiens.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the strongest molecular evidence supporting the hypothesis that Homo sapiens originated in Africa and radiated to other regions is found in the variations of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is:
- **A. Maximum variations are found in the mitochondrial DNA of Africans**
- **B. Variations in Y-chromosomes**

### Final Answer:
A and B are the correct options.

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