Assertion : Balanced polymorphism is directly related with directional selection.
Reason : Directional selection favor the maximum dominancy of characters.

Options

A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion, then mark (1)
B. If both Assertion and Reason are true ,but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion, then mark (2).
C. If Assertion is true, but Reason is false , then mark (3)
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false. , then mark (4)

Answer

To analyze the assertion and reason provided in the question, we will break down the concepts of balanced polymorphism and directional selection step by step.

### Step 1: Understand Balanced Polymorphism
Balanced polymorphism refers to a situation in which two or more phenotypes (or genotypes) are maintained in a population due to selective advantages. This typically occurs when heterozygous individuals (those with two different alleles) have a survival advantage over homozygous individuals (those with two identical alleles).

**Hint:** Consider how having multiple alleles can provide a survival advantage in varying environmental conditions.

### Step 2: Understand Directional Selection
Directional selection is a type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over others, leading to a shift in allele frequencies in a particular direction. This means that if one phenotype is more advantageous, it will become more common in the population over time.

**Hint:** Think about how environmental changes can favor certain traits over others, leading to a predominance of those traits.

### Step 3: Analyze the Assertion
The assertion states that "Balanced polymorphism is directly related to directional selection." This is incorrect because balanced polymorphism involves maintaining multiple alleles in a population, while directional selection focuses on favoring one specific phenotype, which does not support the maintenance of multiple alleles.

**Hint:** Reflect on whether both concepts can coexist or if they inherently contradict each other.

### Step 4: Analyze the Reason
The reason states that "Directional selection favors the maximum dominancy of characters." This is also misleading. Directional selection favors extreme phenotypes rather than simply dominant traits. It does not necessarily mean that dominant traits will always be favored; rather, it is the phenotype that is most advantageous in a given environment.

**Hint:** Consider whether the presence of dominant traits is the only factor in determining which phenotypes are favored.

### Step 5: Conclusion
Since both the assertion and the reason are incorrect, the correct answer to the question is that both the assertion and the reason are false.

**Final Answer:** Both assertion and reason are false.