Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution ?
`{:("Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),("(1)Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita","Wings of butterflies and birds"),("(2)Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates ","Wings of butterflies and birds"),("(3)Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita","Eyes of octopus and mammals"),("(4)Eyes of octopus and mammals","Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates"):}`

Answer

To solve the question regarding the correct examples of convergent and divergent evolution, we need to first understand the definitions and characteristics of both types of evolution.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Define Convergent Evolution**:
- Convergent evolution occurs when different species evolve similar traits or functions independently, often due to similar environmental pressures. This results in analogous structures, which serve similar functions but do not share a common evolutionary origin.

2. **Define Divergent Evolution**:
- Divergent evolution happens when two or more related species become more dissimilar over time, often due to different environmental conditions. This results in homologous structures, which share a common ancestry but may serve different functions.

3. **Analyze the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita (Divergent) & Wings of butterflies and birds (Convergent).
- Thorns and tendrils are similar in structure and origin but serve different functions, indicating divergent evolution. Wings of butterflies and birds serve the same function (flight) but have different origins, indicating convergent evolution. **Incorrect**.

- **Option 2**: Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates (Divergent) & Wings of butterflies and birds (Convergent).
- Bones of forelimbs in different vertebrates have a common structure but serve different functions, indicating divergent evolution. Wings of butterflies and birds serve the same function but have different origins, indicating convergent evolution. **Incorrect**.

- **Option 3**: Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita (Divergent) & Eyes of octopus and mammals (Convergent).
- Thorns and tendrils are divergent as discussed. The eyes of octopus and mammals serve the same function (vision) but have different structures and origins, indicating convergent evolution. **Incorrect**.

- **Option 4**: Eyes of octopus and mammals (Convergent) & Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates (Divergent).
- The eyes of octopus and mammals are an example of convergent evolution as they serve the same function but have different origins. The bones of forelimbs of vertebrates are homologous structures that have evolved to perform different functions, indicating divergent evolution. **Correct**.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **Option 4**: Eyes of octopus and mammals (Convergent evolution) and Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates (Divergent evolution).