Which of the following is/are examples/s of autoimmune disease ?

Options

A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Insulin dependent diabetes
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. All of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Autoimmune Diseases:**
- Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues, thinking they are foreign invaders. This can lead to damage of various organs and systems in the body.

2. **Analyzing the Options:**
- We need to evaluate each of the given options to determine if they are autoimmune diseases.

3. **Option 1: Multiple Sclerosis**
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the immune system attacking the protective fatty substances (myelin) that coat nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This leads to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body. Therefore, MS is an autoimmune disease.

4. **Option 2: Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (Type 1 Diabetes)**
- In insulin-dependent diabetes, also known as Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in insufficient insulin production and is classified as an autoimmune disease.

5. **Option 3: Rheumatoid Arthritis**
- Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the synovial tissues in the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and eventual joint damage. Thus, rheumatoid arthritis is also an autoimmune disease.

6. **Conclusion:**
- Since all three options (Multiple Sclerosis, Insulin-Dependent Diabetes, and Rheumatoid Arthritis) are examples of autoimmune diseases, the correct answer is that all of these are autoimmune diseases.

**Final Answer:**
All of the above (Multiple Sclerosis, Insulin-Dependent Diabetes, and Rheumatoid Arthritis) are examples of autoimmune diseases.

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