Which is not an application of modern biotechnology ?

Options

A. Production of humulin
B. Developing a DNA vaccine
C. Gene therapy
D. Production of cheese and butter

Answer

To determine which option is not an application of modern biotechnology, we will analyze each option provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Modern Biotechnology**: Modern biotechnology involves the use of advanced techniques such as genetic engineering, molecular biology, and recombinant DNA technology to manipulate living organisms for various applications.

2. **Analyzing Option 1: Humulin**:
- Humulin is a form of insulin that is produced using recombinant DNA technology. It is synthesized by inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria, which then produce insulin.
- **Conclusion**: This is an application of modern biotechnology.

3. **Analyzing Option 2: Developing a DNA Vaccine**:
- DNA vaccines are created by introducing a piece of DNA that codes for a specific antigen into the body, prompting an immune response. This process involves genetic engineering and research on microbes.
- **Conclusion**: This is also an application of modern biotechnology.

4. **Analyzing Option 3: Gene Therapy**:
- Gene therapy involves altering the genes inside a person's cells to treat or prevent disease. This technique is based on modern biotechnological methods.
- **Conclusion**: This is an application of modern biotechnology.

5. **Analyzing Option 4: Production of Cheese and Butter**:
- The production of cheese and butter has been practiced for centuries and primarily involves the use of traditional fermentation processes with specific bacteria. This is considered classical biotechnology.
- **Conclusion**: This is not an application of modern biotechnology.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Option 4: Production of cheese and butter**. This process relies on classical biotechnology rather than modern techniques.