Appropriate techniques have been developed for large scale cell culture using bioreactors for producing :

Options

A. Foreign gene product
B. Vaccines
C. Hormones
D. All of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Large-Scale Cell Culture**: Large-scale cell culture refers to the production of biological products in significant quantities. This process is essential in biotechnology for producing various bioproducts.

2. **Role of Bioreactors**: Bioreactors are specialized vessels designed to provide a controlled environment for the growth of microorganisms or cells. They maintain optimal conditions such as temperature, pH, and nutrient levels to ensure maximum productivity.

3. **Types of Organisms Cultured**: In bioreactors, various types of organisms can be cultured, including:
- Microorganisms (like bacteria and yeast)
- Animal cells
- Plant cells

4. **Products of Bioreactor Cultures**: The bioproducts produced through large-scale cell culture in bioreactors include:
- Vaccines
- Hormones
- Antibodies
These products are critical in various industries, especially in pharmaceuticals.

5. **Bioconversion Process**: Bioreactors are also used in bioconversion processes, where raw materials (like corn) are converted into useful products (like ethanol). This highlights the versatility of bioreactors in producing both primary and secondary metabolites.

6. **Conclusion**: The appropriate techniques developed for large-scale cell culture using bioreactors are aimed at producing foreign gene products, vaccines, hormones, and antibodies, making them invaluable in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

**Final Answer**: The appropriate techniques have been developed for large-scale cell culture using bioreactors for producing foreign gene products, vaccines, hormones, and antibodies.

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