Genetic engineering is

Options

A. Study of extra-nuclear gene
B. Manipulation of genes by artificial method
C. Manipulation of RNA
D. Manipulation of enzymes

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Genetic Engineering**: Genetic engineering, also known as recombinant DNA technology, is a field of science focused on manipulating DNA to create new genetic combinations.

2. **Definition of Recombinant DNA**: Recombinant DNA is formed by combining DNA from two different sources. This process involves taking a gene of interest and inserting it into another DNA strand.

3. **Cutting DNA**: To manipulate DNA, specific sites on the DNA are cut using enzymes known as nucleases. These enzymes cleave the DNA into fragments.

4. **Inserting a Gene of Interest**: After cutting the DNA, a gene of interest (which can be represented as a different colored DNA) is inserted into the cut site of the original DNA fragment.

5. **Sealing the DNA**: The final step involves using an enzyme called ligase to seal the new gene into the DNA strand, resulting in recombinant DNA.

6. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Study of extra nuclear genes - This is incorrect as genetic engineering primarily deals with nuclear genes.
- **Option 2**: Manipulation of genes by artificial method - This is correct as it describes the essence of genetic engineering.
- **Option 3**: Manipulation of RNA - This is not the primary focus of genetic engineering.
- **Option 4**: Manipulation of enzymes - This is also not the main aspect of genetic engineering.

7. **Conclusion**: The correct answer is the second option: "manipulation of genes by artificial method," as it accurately describes the process involved in genetic engineering.

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