Which of the following techniques are used in analyzing restrication fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) :-
Electrophoresis
Electroporation
Methylation
Restrication digestion

Options

A. (a) and (c )
B. (c ) and (d)
C. (a) and (d)
D. (b) and (d)

Answer

To analyze restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), the following techniques are used:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding RFLP**: RFLP is a technique used to identify variations in DNA sequences among individuals. It is based on the differences in the length of DNA fragments that result from the action of restriction enzymes.

2. **Restriction Digestion**: The first step in analyzing RFLP involves restriction digestion. Restriction enzymes (or restriction endonucleases) are used to cut the DNA at specific sequences known as restriction sites. This process generates fragments of varying lengths depending on the DNA sequence.

3. **Electrophoresis**: After the DNA has been digested into fragments, the next step is to separate these fragments based on their size. This is done using gel electrophoresis. In this technique, an electric field is applied to a gel matrix containing the DNA fragments, causing the smaller fragments to migrate faster than the larger ones. This results in the separation of the fragments by size.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the above steps, the techniques used in analyzing RFLP are:
- **Restriction Digestion** (to cut the DNA into fragments)
- **Electrophoresis** (to separate the fragments by size)

Thus, the correct answer to the question is that the techniques used in analyzing RFLP are **Electrophoresis and Restriction Digestion**.

### Final Answer:
- **Electrophoresis**
- **Restriction Digestion**