Transgenic models can be used to investigate several human diseases such as

Options

A. Alzheimer`s disease
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Carcinoma
D. All of these

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Transgenic Models**:
- Transgenic models refer to organisms that have been genetically modified to carry genes from other species. These models are primarily used in research to study human diseases and test potential treatments.

2. **Identifying Common Transgenic Models**:
- The most commonly used transgenic animals are mice and pigs. Mice are particularly favored for their genetic similarity to humans and their short life cycles, making them ideal for studying genetic diseases and testing vaccines.

3. **Examples of Diseases Studied Using Transgenic Models**:
- **Alzheimer's Disease**: This is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Transgenic models, especially mice, are used to study the progression and potential treatments for Alzheimer's.
- **Cystic Fibrosis**: This genetic disorder affects the lungs and digestive system. Transgenic models help in understanding the disease mechanisms and testing new therapies.
- **Carcinoma**: This term refers to cancers that arise from epithelial cells. Transgenic models can be used to study the development and treatment of various types of cancer, including carcinoma.
- **Parkinson's Disease**: Another neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease affects movement and coordination. Transgenic models are used to investigate its pathophysiology and potential treatments.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Transgenic models can be used to investigate a variety of human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, carcinoma, and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that transgenic models can be used to investigate all of these diseases.