In which disease has the advantages of genetice engineering still not been used as clinical cure?

Options

A. Emphysema
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Phenylketonuria
D. Anencephaly

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks which disease has not benefited from genetic engineering as a clinical cure. We need to analyze each option provided.

2. **Analyzing Option 1: Emphysema**:
- Emphysema is a lung disorder where the air sacs are damaged, leading to shortness of breath.
- Current treatments include inhalers containing medications like salbutamol and terbutaline, which improve lung function.
- Since there are existing treatments, this option is not correct.

3. **Analyzing Option 2: Cystic Fibrosis**:
- Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene.
- There are treatments available that target the underlying genetic defect, making this option also incorrect.

4. **Analyzing Option 3: Phenylketonuria (PKU)**:
- PKU is a metabolic disorder where phenylalanine accumulates in the body due to a deficiency in the enzyme needed to metabolize it.
- This condition is treatable through dietary management and genetic engineering approaches, ruling this option out as well.

5. **Analyzing Option 4: Anencephaly**:
- Anencephaly is a severe congenital condition where a significant part of the brain (especially the cerebrum) is absent at birth.
- Currently, there are no treatments or cures available through genetic engineering for this condition, as the absent brain tissue cannot be regenerated.
- Therefore, this option is correct.

6. **Conclusion**: The disease in which the advantages of genetic engineering have still not been used as a clinical cure is **Anencephaly**.

**Final Answer**: Anencephaly

---