A mass `m` is at a distance a from centre of a uniform rod of length `l` and M. The gravitational force on the mass due to the rod is
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As m is a point mass, consider an element on the rod at distance `r` from `m` `dF=(G(m)(dm))/(r^(2))=(G(m)(M/L)dr)/(r^(2))` or `F=int_(d)^(L+d)(Gmm)/L 1/(r^(2))dr =(GMm)/L int_(d)^(L+d) 1/(r^(2)) dr=(GMm)/(d(L+d))`
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