A solid hemispherical bowl of radius R, made of glass, is placed on a flat horizontal surface with its curved surface on the ground. A small object is placed under the hemisphere at the center of the curved surface. If an observer sees the object directly above the plane surface, Where will the object appear to be ?

Explanation

To solve the problem, we need to determine where the observer sees the object placed under the hemispherical bowl. We will use the concept of apparent depth in optics.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Setup**:
- We have a solid hemispherical bowl of radius \( R \) made of glass.
- The bowl is placed with its curved surface on the ground, and a small object is placed at the center of the curved surface (which is the bottom of the hemisphere).

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