From the alpha - particle scattering experiment Rutherford concluded that

Options

A. `alpha`- particle can come within a distance of the order of `10^(-14) m ` of the nucleus
B. The radius of the nucleus is less than `10^(-14) m `
C. Scattering follows coulomb's law
D. The positively charged parts of the atom move with extremely high velocities

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Experiment**: The alpha-particle scattering experiment, conducted by Ernest Rutherford, involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil. The behavior of these particles when they encountered the foil provided insights into the structure of the atom.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option A**: "Alpha particles can come within the distance of the order of 10^-4 m from the nucleus."
- This statement is **false**. Alpha particles do not penetrate close to the nucleus; they are repelled by the positively charged nucleus, indicating that most of the atom is empty space.

- **Option B**: "The radius of the nucleus is less than 10^-14 m."
- This statement is **true**. Rutherford's calculations indicated that the nucleus is indeed on the order of 10^-14 to 10^-15 meters in radius, based on the scattering patterns of the alpha particles.

- **Option C**: "Scattering follows Coulomb's law."
- This statement is **partially true** but misleading in this context. While the forces involved in the scattering can be described by Coulomb's law, the primary goal of the experiment was not to demonstrate this law.

- **Option D**: "The positively charged parts of the atom move with extremely high velocities."
- This statement is **false**. The positively charged particles (protons) reside in the nucleus and do not move around like electrons do. The electrons are the ones that orbit around the nucleus.

3. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis of the options, the correct conclusion from Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment is that **the radius of the nucleus is less than 10^-14 m (Option B)**.

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