Amongst the following elements (whose electronic configuration an given below) the one having bighest ionization energy is

Options

A. `[Ne]3s^(2)3p^(1)`
B. `[Ne]3s^(2)3p^(3)`
C. `[Ne]3s^(2)3p^(2)`
D. `[Ar]3d^(10)4s^(2)4p^(3)`

Answer

To determine which element has the highest ionization energy among the given electronic configurations, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Elements
We need to identify the elements corresponding to the given electronic configurations:

- **Option A**: 3s² 3p¹ → This is the electronic configuration of Aluminum (Al).
- **Option B**: 3s² 3p³ → This is the electronic configuration of Phosphorus (P).
- **Option C**: 3s² 3p² → This is the electronic configuration of Silicon (Si).
- **Option D**: 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³ → This is the electronic configuration of Arsenic (As).

### Step 2: Group and Period Information
Next, we note the group and period of these elements:
- Aluminum (Al) is in Group 13 (3rd period).
- Silicon (Si) is in Group 14 (3rd period).
- Phosphorus (P) is in Group 15 (3rd period).
- Arsenic (As) is in Group 15 (4th period).

### Step 3: Understand Ionization Energy Trends
Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group. This is due to the increasing nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radius across a period, which makes it harder to remove an electron.

### Step 4: Compare the Elements
- **Aluminum (Al)** has a lower ionization energy due to its position in Group 13.
- **Silicon (Si)** has a higher ionization energy than Aluminum but lower than Phosphorus.
- **Phosphorus (P)** has a relatively high ionization energy because it is in Group 15 and has a half-filled p subshell, which is more stable.
- **Arsenic (As)**, being in the 4th period, has a larger atomic radius compared to the others in the 3rd period, leading to a lower ionization energy than Phosphorus.

### Step 5: Conclusion
Among the elements, Phosphorus (P) has the highest ionization energy due to its smaller atomic size and stable half-filled p subshell configuration.

### Final Answer
The element with the highest ionization energy is **Option B: Neon 3s² 3p³ (Phosphorus)**.

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