Why excluded volume v is four times the actual volume of molecules?

Explanation

To understand why the excluded volume \( V \) is four times the actual volume of molecules, we can break down the explanation into a series of steps.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Excluded Volume**:
The excluded volume refers to the volume around a molecule that is inaccessible to other molecules due to the presence of the first molecule. In the context of the Van der Waals equation, this is represented by the factor \( B \).

2. **Consider Two Spherical Molecules**:
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