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Citric acid (H(3)A) is a polyprotic acid...

Citric acid `(H_(3)A)` is a polyprotic acid with `K_(1),K_(2)`, and `K_(3)` equals to `7.4 xx 10^(-4), 1.7 xx 10^(-5)`, and `4.0 xx 10^(-7)`, respectively. Calculate the `[H^(o+)], [H_(2)A^(Theta)], [HA^(2-)]`, and `[A^(3-)]` in `0.01M` citric acid.

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To solve the problem of calculating the concentrations of the various species in a 0.01 M solution of citric acid (H₃A), we will go through the dissociation steps of the acid and apply the equilibrium constants provided. ### Step 1: Write the Dissociation Reactions Citric acid is a triprotic acid, meaning it can donate three protons (H⁺). The dissociation reactions are as follows: 1. **First Dissociation:** \[ ...
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