Which of the following represents hydrolysis ? .

Options

A. `overset(o+)NH_(4)+2H_(2)O hArr NH_(4)OH +H_(3)O^(o+)`
B. `overset(o+)NH_(4)+H_(2)O hArr NH_(3)+H_(3)O^(o+)`
C. `HCO_(3)^(Theta)+H_(2)O hArr H_(2)CO_(3)+overset(Theta)OH`
D. `HCO_(3)^(Theta)+H_(2)O hArr CO_(3)^(2-) +H_(3)O^(o+)`

Explanation

To determine which of the given options represents hydrolysis, we need to understand the concept of hydrolysis in chemistry, particularly in the context of cationic and anionic hydrolysis.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Hydrolysis**:
- Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving water, where a compound reacts with water to form other substances. It can involve the breakdown of salts into their constituent ions and the reaction of those ions with water.

2. **Types of Hydrolysis**:
- There are two main types of hydrolysis:
- **Cationic Hydrolysis**: In this process, a cation reacts with water. The cation accepts hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from water, leading to the formation of a weak base and hydronium ions (H₃O⁺).
- **Anionic Hydrolysis**: In this process, an anion reacts with water. The anion accepts protons (H⁺) from water, resulting in the formation of a weak acid and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

3. **Analyzing the Given Options**:
- We need to evaluate each option to see if it represents either cationic or anionic hydrolysis.
- **Option 1**: NH₄⁺ + 2H₂O → NH₄OH + H₃O⁺
- This represents cationic hydrolysis because NH₄⁺ (ammonium ion) reacts with water, forming NH₄OH (ammonium hydroxide, a weak base) and H₃O⁺.
- **Option 2**: NH₄⁺ + H₂O
- This does not represent hydrolysis as it does not show the formation of any products.
- **Option 3**: HCO₃⁻ + H₂O → H₂O + CO₃²⁻
- This represents anionic hydrolysis because HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate ion) reacts with water, forming CO₃²⁻ (carbonate ion) and H₂O, which indicates the formation of a weak acid (carbonic acid).
- **Option 4**: (Another option that is not specified in the transcript)
- Evaluate based on whether it shows a reaction with water and forms either a weak acid or a weak base.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The correct representations of hydrolysis from the options provided are:
- **Option 1**: NH₄⁺ + 2H₂O → NH₄OH + H₃O⁺ (Cationic Hydrolysis)
- **Option 3**: HCO₃⁻ + H₂O → H₂O + CO₃²⁻ (Anionic Hydrolysis)

### Final Answer:
The options that represent hydrolysis are:
- Option 1 (Cationic Hydrolysis)
- Option 3 (Anionic Hydrolysis)