Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Options

A. Minimum boiling azeotropic mixtue boils at temperature lower than either of the two pure components.
B. Maximum boiling azeotropic mixtue boils at temperature higher than either of the two pure components.
C. Minimum boiling azeotropic mixture shows positive deviation.
D. Maximum boiling azeotropic mixture shows negative deviation.

Answer

To determine which statements are correct regarding azeotropes, we need to analyze each statement carefully based on the properties of minimum and maximum boiling azeotropes.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Azeotropes**:
- Azeotropes are mixtures of two or more liquids that boil at a constant temperature and maintain the same composition in the vapor phase as in the liquid phase.

2. **Minimum Boiling Azeotrope**:
- A minimum boiling azeotrope occurs when the mixture boils at a temperature lower than that of either of the pure components. This is typically associated with positive deviation from Raoult's law.
- **Statement 1**: "Minimum boiling azeotrope mixture boils at temperature lower than either of the two pure components."
- **Analysis**: This statement is **correct**.

3. **Maximum Boiling Azeotrope**:
- A maximum boiling azeotrope occurs when the mixture boils at a temperature higher than that of either of the pure components. This is typically associated with negative deviation from Raoult's law.
- **Statement 2**: "Maximum boiling azeotrope boils at temperature higher than either of the two pure components."
- **Analysis**: This statement is **correct**.

4. **Deviation Types**:
- **Positive Deviation**: This occurs when the interactions between different molecules are weaker than those between like molecules, leading to a lower boiling point.
- **Negative Deviation**: This occurs when the interactions between different molecules are stronger than those between like molecules, leading to a higher boiling point.
- **Statement 3**: "Minimum boiling azeotrope shows a positive deviation."
- **Analysis**: This statement is **correct**.
- **Statement 4**: "Maximum boiling azeotrope shows a negative deviation."
- **Analysis**: This statement is **correct**.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct.

### Final Answer:
- The correct statements are: 2, 3, and 4.