A chemist studied the phenomenon of adsorption by putting blood charcoal in `KCL` solution. He observed difference in the behaviour with dilute `KCL` solution and with concentrated `KCL` solution. He also studied the adsorption of different gases on solid adsorbent and the effect of temperature on adsorption. He put forward a mathematical relationship relating `x//m` with equilibrium pressure.
The correct order of the adsorption of gases will be
A chemist studied the phenomenon of adsorption by putting blood charcoal in `KCL` solution. He observed difference in the behaviour with dilute `KCL` solution and with concentrated `KCL` solution. He also studied the adsorption of different gases on solid adsorbent and the effect of temperature on adsorption. He put forward a mathematical relationship relating `x//m` with equilibrium pressure.
The correct order of the adsorption of gases will be
The correct order of the adsorption of gases will be
A
`NH_(3)gtSO_(2)gtCO_(2)gtHCl`
B
`CO_(2)gtSO_(2)gtNH_(3)gtHCl`
C
`SO_(2)gtNH_(3)gtHClgtCO_(2)`
D
`HClgtSO_(2)gtNH_(3)gtCO_(2)`
Text Solution
AI Generated Solution
The correct Answer is:
To solve the problem of determining the correct order of adsorption of gases on a solid adsorbent, we will follow these steps:
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Identify the Gases and Their Critical Temperatures**:
We need to find the critical temperatures for the given gases: Ammonia (NH₃), Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), and Hydrogen Chloride (HCl).
- Ammonia (NH₃): 405 K
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂): 431 K
- Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): 304 K
- Hydrogen Chloride (HCl): 324 K
2. **Understand the Relationship Between Critical Temperature and Adsorption**:
The higher the critical temperature of a gas, the more easily it can be liquefied, which generally correlates with a higher tendency to be adsorbed on a solid surface.
3. **Rank the Gases by Their Critical Temperatures**:
Based on the critical temperatures identified:
- SO₂ (431 K) - Highest
- NH₃ (405 K)
- HCl (324 K)
- CO₂ (304 K) - Lowest
4. **Determine the Order of Adsorption**:
From the ranking, we can conclude that the order of adsorption based on the critical temperatures is:
- SO₂ > NH₃ > HCl > CO₂
5. **Final Answer**:
Therefore, the correct order of adsorption of the gases is:
- **Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) > Ammonia (NH₃) > Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) > Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)**
To solve the problem of determining the correct order of adsorption of gases on a solid adsorbent, we will follow these steps:
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Identify the Gases and Their Critical Temperatures**:
We need to find the critical temperatures for the given gases: Ammonia (NH₃), Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), and Hydrogen Chloride (HCl).
- Ammonia (NH₃): 405 K
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂): 431 K
...
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A chemist studied the phenomenon of adsorption by putting blood charcoal in KCL solution. He observed difference in the behaviour with dilute KCL solution and with concentrated KCL solution. He also studied the adsorption of different gases on solid adsorbent and the effect of temperature on adsorption. He put forward a mathematical relationship relating x//m with equilibrium pressure. Which of the following is correct ?
A chemist studied the phenomenon of adsorption by putting blood charcoal in KCL solution. He observed difference in the behaviour with dilute KCL solution and with concentrated KCL solution. He also studied the adsorption of different gases on solid adsorbent and the effect of temperature on adsorption. He put forward a mathematical relationship relating x//m with equilibrium pressure. Which of the following plot will be liner? (More than one correct)
A chemist studied the phenomenon of adsorption by putting blood charcoal in KCL solution. He observed difference in the behaviour with dilute KCL solution and with concentrated KCL solution. He also studied the adsorption of different gases on solid adsorbent and the effect of temperature on adsorption. He put forward a mathematical relationship relating x//m with equilibrium pressure. Which of the following result is oberved with the experiment of KCl solution ?
A system of greater disorder of molecules is more probable. The disorder of molecules is reflected by the entropy of the system.A liquid vapourises to form a more disordered gas.When a solute is present, there is additional contribution to the entropy of the liquid due to increased randomness.As the entropy of solution is higher than that of pure liquid, there is weaker tendency to form the gas.Thus, a solute (non-volatile) lowers the vapour pressure of a liquid, and hence a higher boiling point of the solution. Similarly, the greater randomness of the solution opposes the tendency to freeze.In consequence, a lower the temperature must be reached for achieving the equilibrium between the solid (frozen solvent) and the solution.Elevation of B.Pt.(DeltaT_b) and depression of F.Pt.(DeltaT_f) of a solution are the colligative properties which depend only on the concentration of particles of the solute, not their identify.For dilute solutions. DeltaT_b and DeltaT_f are proportional to the molality of the solute in the solution. DeltaT_b=K_bm , K_b =Ebullioscopic constant= (RT_(b)^(@^(2))M)/(1000 DeltaH_(vap)) And DeltaT_f=K_fm , K_f =Cryoscopic constant= (RT_(f)^(@^(2))M)/(1000 DeltaH_(fus)) (M=molecular mass of the sovent) The values of K_b and K_f do depend on the properties of the solvent.For liquids, (DeltaH_(vap))/T_b^@ is almost constant. [Troutan's Rule, this constant for most of the unassociated liquids (not having any strong bonding like Hydrogen bonding in the liquid state ) is equal to 90 J//"mol" .] For solutes undergoing changes of molecular state is solution (ionization or association), the observed DeltaT values differ from the calculated ones using the above relations In such situations, the relationships are modified as DeltaT_b=i K_bm, DeltaT_f=i K_fm where i=Van't Hoff factor, greater than unity for ionization and smaller than unity for association of the solute molecules. A mixture of two Immiscible liquids at a constant pressure of 1 atm boils at a temperature
A solution which remains in equilibrium with undissolved solute , in contact , is said to be saturated . The concentration of a saturated solution at a given temperature is a called solubility . The product of concentration of ions in a saturated solution of an electrolyte at a given temperature is called solubility product (K_(sp)) . For the electrolyte A_(x),B_(y) with solubility S. The solubility product (K_(sp)) is given as K_(sp) = x^(x) xx y^(y) xx S^(x-y) . While calculating the solubility of a sparingly . soluable salt in the presence of some strong electrolyte containing a common ion , the common ion concentration is practically equal to that of strong electrolyte containing a common ion . the common ion soncentration is practically equal to that of strong electrolyte . If in a solution , the ionic product of an electroylte exceeds its K_(sp) value at a particular temperature , then precipitation occurs . If two or more electrolyte are presentt in the solution , then by the addition of some suitable reagent , precipitation generally occurs in increasing order of their k_(sp) values . Solubility of some sparingly soluable salts , is sometimes enhanced through complexation . While we are calculating the solubility of some sparingly or pH of an electrolyte , the nature of cation of anion should be checked carefully whether there ion (s) are capable of undergoing hydrolysis or not . If either or both of the ions are capable of undergoing hydrolysis , it should be taken into account in calculating the solubility . While calculating the pH of an amphiprotic species , it should be checked whether or not cation can undergo hydrolysis . Total a_(H^(-)) = sqrt(K_(a_(1)xxK_(a_(2)))) (if cation do not undergo hydrolysis ) a_(H^(+)) = sqrt(K_(a_(1))((K_(w))/(K_(b)) - K_(a_(2)))) (if cation also undergoes hydrolysis ) where symbols have usual meaning . Solubility of solids into liquids is a function of temperature alone but solubility of gases into liquids is a function of temperature as well as pressure . The effect of pressure on solubility of gases into liquids is governed by Henry's law . The solubility of BaSO_(4) in 0.1 M BaCl_(2) solution is (K_(sp) " of " BaSO_(4) = 1.5 xx 10^(-9))
A solution which remains in equilibrium with undissolved solute , in contact , is said to be saturated . The concentration of a saturated solution at a given temperature is a called solubility . The product of concentration of ions in a saturated solution of an electrolyte at a given temperature is called solubility product (K_(sp)) . For the electrolyte A_(x),B_(y) with solubility S. The solubility product (K_(sp)) is given as K_(sp) = x^(x) xx y^(y) xx S^(x-y) . While calculating the solubility of a sparingly . soluable salt in the presence of some strong electrolyte containing a common ion , the common ion concentration is practically equal to that of strong electrolyte containing a common ion . the common ion soncentration is practically equal to that of strong electrolyte . If in a solution , the ionic product of an electroylte exceeds its K_(sp) value at a particular temperature , then precipitation occurs . If two or more electrolyte are presentt in the solution , then by the addition of some suitable reagent , precipitation generally occurs in increasing order of their k_(sp) values . Solubility of some sparingly soluable salts , is sometimes enhanced through complexation . While we are calculating the solubility of some sparingly or pH of an electrolyte , the nature of cation of anion should be checked carefully whether there ion (s) are capable of undergoing hydrolysis or not . If either or both of the ions are capable of undergoing hydrolysis , it should be taken into account in calculating the solubility . While calculating the pH of an amphiprotic species , it should be checked whether or not cation can undergo hydrolysis . Total a_(H^(-)) = sqrt(K_(a_(1)xxK_(a_(2)))) (if cation do not undergo hydrolysis ) a_(H^(+)) = sqrt(K_(a_(1))((K_(w))/(K_(b)) - K_(a_(2)))) (if cation also undergoes hydrolysis ) where symbols have usual meaning . Solubility of solids into liquids is a function of temperature alone but solubility of gases into liquids is a function of temperature as well as pressure . The effect of pressure on solubility of gases into liquids is governed by Henry's law . The solubility of PbSO_(4) in water is 0.0303 g/l at 25^(@)C , its solubility product at that temperature is
The colloidal particles are electrically charged as a indicated by their migration towards cathode or anode under the applied electric field. In a particular colloidal system, all particles carry either positive charge or negative charge. The electric charge on colloidal particles orginate in several ways. According to preferential adsorption theory, the freshly obtained precipitate particles adsorb ions from the dispersion medium, which are common to their lattice and acquire the charge of adsorbed ions. For example, For example, freshly obtained Fe(OH)_(3) precipitated is dispersed, by a little FeCl_(3) , into colloidal solution owing to the adsorption of Fe^(3+) ions in preference. Thus sol particles will be positively charged. In some cases the colloidal particles are aggregates of cations or anions having ampiphilic character. When the ions posses hydrophobic part (hydrocarbon end) as well as hydrophilic part (polar end group), they undergo association in aqueous solution to form particles having colloidal size. The formation of such particles, called micelles plays a very important role in the solubilization of water insoluble substances, (hydrocarbon, oils, fats, grease etc.). In micelles, the polar end groups are directed towards water and the hydrocarbon ends into the centre. The charge on sol particles of proteins depends on the pH. At low pH, the basic group of protein molecule is ionized (protonated) and at higher pH (alkaline medium), the acidic group is ionized. At isoelectric pH, characteristic to the protein, both basix and acidic groups are equally ionized. The stability of colloidal solution is attributed largely to the electric charge of the dispersed particles. This charge causes them to be coagulated or precipitated. On addition of small amount of electrolytes, the ions carrying oppiste charge are adsorbed by sol particles resulting in the neutralization of their charge. When the sol particles either with no charge or reduced charge, come closer due to Brownian movement, they coalesce to form bigger particles resulting in their separation from the dispersion medium. This is what is called coagulating or precipitation of the colloidal solution. The coagulating power of the effective ion, which depend on its charge, is expressed in terms of its coagulating value, defined as its minimum concentration (m mol/L) needed to precipitate a given sol. Under the influence of an electric field, the particles in a sol migrate towards cathode. The coagulation of the same sol is studied using NaCl, Na_(2)SO_(4) and Na_(3)PO_(4) solutions. Their coagulating values will be in the order :
The existence of negatively charged particle in an atom was shown by J.J. Thomson as a result of the studies of the passage of electricity through gases at extremely low pressure known as discharge tube experiments. When a high voltage of the order of 10,000 volts or more was impressed across the electrodes, some sort of invisible rays moved from the negative electrode to the positive electrode these rays are called as cathode rays. Cathode rays travel in straight path in absence of electrical and magnetic field . Cathode rays consist of material part and charged particles? Cathode rays produce X-rays and light is emitted when they strike on ZnS screen. Cathode rays penetrate through thin sheets of aluminium and other metals . They affect the photogenic plate and passes heating effect when they strike on metal foil. The raito of charge to mass i.e charge/mass is same for all the cathode rays irrespective of the gas used in the tube. The existence of positively charged particle in an atom was shown be E. Goldstein. He repeated the same discharge tube experiments by using a perforated cathode. It was observed that when a high potential difference was applied between the electrodes, not only cathode rays were produced but also a new type of rays were produced simultaneoulsy from anode moving towards cathode and passes through the holes or canal of the cathode. These termed as canal rays or anode rays. These rays travel in straight lines and consists of positively charged particles. These rays have kinetic energy and produces heating effect also. The e/m ratio of these rays is smaller than that of electrons. Unlike cathode rays, their e/m value is dependent upon the nature of the gas taken in the tube. These rays produced flashes of light on ZnS screen and can pass throughs thin metal foils. They can produce physical and chemical changes and are capable to produce ionisation in gases. For cathode rays the value of e/m:
The existence of negatively charged particle in an atom was shown by J.J. Thomson as a result of the studies of the passage of electricity through gases at extremely low pressure known as discharge tube experiments. When a high voltage of the order of 10,000 volts or more was impressed across the electrodes, some sort of invisible rays moved from the negative electrode to the positive electrode these rays are called as cathode rays. Cathode rays travel in straight path in absence of electrical and magnetic field . Cathode rays consist of material part and charged particles? Cathode rays produce X-rays and light is emitted when they strike on ZnS screen. Cathode rays penetrate through thin sheets of aluminium and other metals . They affect the photogenic plate and passes heating effect when they strike on metal foil. The raito of charge to mass i.e charge/mass is same for all the cathode rays irrespective of the gas used in the tube. The existence of positively charged particle in an atom was shown be E. Goldstein. He repeated the same discharge tube experiments by using a perforated cathode. It was observed that when a high potential difference was applied between the electrodes, not only cathode rays were produced but also a new type of rays were produced simultaneoulsy from anode moving towards cathode and passes through the holes or canal of the cathode. These termed as canal rays or anode rays. These rays travel in straight lines and consists of positively charged particles. These rays have kinetic energy and produces heating effect also. The e/m ratio of these rays is smaller than that of electrons. Unlike cathode rays, their e/m value is dependent upon the nature of the gas taken in the tube. These rays produced flashes of light on ZnS screen and can pass throughs thin metal foils. They can produce physical and chemical changes and are capable to produce ionisation in gases. Which is not true with respect to cathode rays?
The existence of negatively charged particle in an atom was shown by J.J. Thomson as a result of the studies of the passage of electricity through gases at extremely low pressure known as discharge tube experiments. When a high voltage of the order of 10,000 volts or more was impressed across the electrodes, some sort of invisible rays moved from the negative electrode to the positive electrode these rays are called as cathode rays. Cathode rays travel in straight path in absence of electrical and magnetic field . Cathode rays consist of material part and charged particles? Cathode rays produce X-rays and light is emitted when they strike on ZnS screen. Cathode rays penetrate through thin sheets of aluminium and other metals . They affect the photogenic plate and passes heating effect when they strike on metal foil. The raito of charge to mass i.e charge/mass is same for all the cathode rays irrespective of the gas used in the tube. The existence of positively charged particle in an atom was shown be E. Goldstein. He repeated the same discharge tube experiments by using a perforated cathode. It was observed that when a high potential difference was applied between the electrodes, not only cathode rays were produced but also a new type of rays were produced simultaneoulsy from anode moving towards cathode and passes through the holes or canal of the cathode. These termed as canal rays or anode rays. These rays travel in straight lines and consists of positively charged particles. These rays have kinetic energy and produces heating effect also. The e/m ratio of these rays is smaller than that of electrons. Unlike cathode rays, their e/m value is dependent upon the nature of the gas taken in the tube. These rays produced flashes of light on ZnS screen and can pass throughs thin metal foils. They can produce physical and chemical changes and are capable to produce ionisation in gases. Select the incorrect statement.
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