Which of following contains (s) material particles?

Options

A. `alpha`-rays
B. `beta`-rays
C. `gamma`-rays
D. Anode rays

Answer

To determine which of the following contains material particles, we will analyze each type of ray mentioned in the question: alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, and anode rays.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Alpha Rays**:
- Alpha rays consist of alpha particles, which are essentially helium nuclei.
- An alpha particle is made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, making it a material particle.
- **Conclusion**: Alpha rays contain material particles.

2. **Beta Rays**:
- Beta rays are composed of beta particles, which are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons.
- Electrons are considered material particles because they have mass and charge.
- **Conclusion**: Beta rays contain material particles.

3. **Gamma Rays**:
- Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, which means they are not made up of material particles.
- Gamma rays do not have mass and are not composed of atoms or subatomic particles.
- **Conclusion**: Gamma rays do not contain material particles.

4. **Anode Rays**:
- Anode rays are streams of positively charged particles, typically consisting of protons or other positively charged ions.
- These particles are material particles because they have mass and charge.
- **Conclusion**: Anode rays contain material particles.

### Final Conclusion:
Among the given options, alpha rays, beta rays, and anode rays contain material particles, while gamma rays do not.

### Summary of Results:
- **Alpha Rays**: Contains material particles (helium nuclei).
- **Beta Rays**: Contains material particles (electrons).
- **Gamma Rays**: Does not contain material particles (electromagnetic waves).
- **Anode Rays**: Contains material particles (protons or positive ions).