The nuclide `X` undergoes `alpha`-decay and another nuclides `Y` undergoes `beta^(ɵ)`-decay, which of the following statement `"is"//"are"` correct?

Options

A. The `beta^(ɵ)`-particles emitted by `Y` may have widely different speeds.
B. The `alpha`-particles emitted by `X` may have widely different speeds.
C. The `alpha`-particles emitted by `X` will have almost same speed.
D. The `beta`-particles emitted by `Y` will have the same speed.

Answer

To analyze the question regarding the nuclides X and Y undergoing alpha and beta decay respectively, let's break down the steps involved in understanding the decay processes and their implications.

### Step 1: Understand Alpha Decay
- **Alpha Decay Process**: In alpha decay, a nuclide (X) emits an alpha particle (which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, equivalent to a helium nucleus). This results in a new nuclide (Y) with a mass number decreased by 4 and an atomic number decreased by 2.

\[ X \rightarrow Y + \alpha \]
\[ \text{If } X = (A, Z) \text{ then } Y = (A-4, Z-2) \]

### Step 2: Understand Beta Minus Decay
- **Beta Minus Decay Process**: In beta minus decay, a nuclide (Y) emits a beta particle (an electron) and an antineutrino. This process increases the atomic number by 1 while the mass number remains unchanged.

\[ Y \rightarrow Z + \beta^{-} + \bar{\nu} \]
\[ \text{If } Y = (A-4, Z-2) \text{ then } Z = (A-4, Z-1) \]

### Step 3: Analyze the Statements
Now we need to evaluate the statements provided in the question based on our understanding of the decay processes:

1. **Beta minus particles emitted by Y may have widely different speeds.**
- **Analysis**: This statement is incorrect. The beta particles emitted from a single decay event will have a range of speeds, but they are not widely different in terms of mass and energy distribution.

2. **Alpha particles emitted by X may have widely different speeds.**
- **Analysis**: This statement is correct. Alpha particles are heavier and their speeds can vary significantly due to the energy distribution in the decay process.

3. **Alpha particles emitted by X have almost the same speed.**
- **Analysis**: This statement is incorrect. As mentioned, alpha particles can have a range of speeds.

4. **Beta particles emitted by Y will have the same speed.**
- **Analysis**: This statement is also incorrect. While beta particles can have similar speeds, they do not necessarily have to be the same due to variations in energy during the decay process.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- The correct statement is: **"Alpha particles emitted by X may have widely different speeds."**

### Summary of Correct Statements
- The only correct statement is the second one regarding alpha particles.