How do the electrical conductivity and resistivity of metallic conductors, semi-conductors, and super conductors vary with temperature ?

Explanation

To understand how the electrical conductivity and resistivity of metallic conductors, semiconductors, and superconductors vary with temperature, we can break down the explanation into three parts, each focusing on one type of material.

### Step 1: Metallic Conductors
- **Explanation**: In metallic conductors, as the temperature increases, the resistivity also increases. This is because the atoms in the metal vibrate more vigorously at higher temperatures, which creates more collisions for the charge carriers (electrons). These collisions hinder the flow of electrons, leading to increased resistivity.
- **Impact on Conductivity**: Since resistivity and conductivity are inversely related, an increase in resistivity results in a decrease in electrical conductivity.

### Step 2: Semiconductors
- **Explanation**: For semiconductors, the behavior is different. Semiconductors have two energy bands: the valence band and the conduction band. As temperature increases, the energy gap between these two bands decreases. This allows more electrons to jump from the valence band to the conduction band, thereby increasing the number of charge carriers available for conduction.
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