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Calculate the effective nuclear charge e...

Calculate the effective nuclear charge experienced by the `4s`-electron in potassium atom `(Z = 19)`.

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To calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) experienced by the 4s-electron in a potassium atom (Z = 19), we can follow these steps: ### Step 1: Write the Electronic Configuration The atomic number of potassium (K) is 19. Therefore, its electronic configuration is: - 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ ### Step 2: Identify Z and the Formula for Z_eff The effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) can be calculated using the formula: ...
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J.C. Slater proposed an empirical constant that represents the cumulative extent to which the other electrons of an atom shield (or screen) any particular electron from the nuclear charge. Thus, slater's screening contant sigma is as : Z^(**)=Z-sigma Here, Z is the atomic number of the atom, and hence is equal to the actual number of protons in the atom. the parameter Z^(**) is the effective nuclear charge, which according to is smaller than Z, since the electron in question is screened (shielded) from Z by an amount sigma . Conversely, an electron that is well shielded from the nuclear charge Z experiences a small effective nuclear charge Z^(**) . The value of sigma for any one electron in a given electron configuration (i.e., in the presence of the other electrons of the atom in question) is calculated using a set of empirical rules developed by slater. according to these rules, the value of sigma for the electron in question is the cumulative total provided by the various other electrons of the atom. Q. The effective nuclear charge at the periphery of chromium atom [Z=24]:

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Effective nuclear charge (Z_(eff)) for a nucleus of an atom is defined as

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