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In a given energy level, the order of pe...

In a given energy level, the order of penetration effect of different orbitals is

A

`f lt d lt p lt s`

B

`s=p=d=f`

C

`slt plt d lt f`

D

`p gt s gt d gt f`

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To determine the order of penetration effect of different orbitals in a given energy level, we need to understand the concept of penetration power. The penetration power refers to how closely an electron in a particular orbital can approach the nucleus of an atom. The greater the penetration, the closer the electron can get to the nucleus. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Penetration Effect**: - The penetration effect is the ability of an electron in a given orbital to get close to the nucleus. Electrons in orbitals with higher penetration can shield the nucleus more effectively. 2. **Identifying the Orbitals**: - The orbitals we are considering are: s, p, d, and f. 3. **Order of Penetration**: - The order of penetration effect for these orbitals is determined by their shapes and the distribution of electron density around the nucleus. - The general trend for penetration power is: - **s orbitals** have the highest penetration power because they have a spherical shape, allowing them to be closer to the nucleus. - **p orbitals** have moderate penetration power, as they have a dumbbell shape which allows some proximity to the nucleus but not as much as s orbitals. - **d orbitals** have lower penetration power than p orbitals, as their more complex shapes mean they are less concentrated near the nucleus. - **f orbitals** have the least penetration power due to their even more complex shapes and distribution of electron density. 4. **Final Order of Penetration**: - Based on the above reasoning, the order of penetration effect from highest to lowest is: - **s > p > d > f** 5. **Conclusion**: - Therefore, the correct order of penetration effect of different orbitals in a given energy level is **s > p > d > f**.
To determine the order of penetration effect of different orbitals in a given energy level, we need to understand the concept of penetration power. The penetration power refers to how closely an electron in a particular orbital can approach the nucleus of an atom. The greater the penetration, the closer the electron can get to the nucleus. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Penetration Effect**: - The penetration effect is the ability of an electron in a given orbital to get close to the nucleus. Electrons in orbitals with higher penetration can shield the nucleus more effectively. 2. **Identifying the Orbitals**: ...
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