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The first (DeltaiH1) and the second (Del...

The first `(DeltaiH1)` and the second `(DeltaiH2)` ionization enthalpies `("in kJ mol"^(-1))` and the `(DeltaegH)` electron gain enthalpy `("in kJ mol"^(-1))` of a few elements are given below:
`{:("Elements", DeltaH1 ,DeltaH2 ,Delta_(eg)H) ,(I ,520, 7300, –60),(II ,419 ,3051 ,–48),(III ,1681 ,3374 ,–328),(IV ,1008 ,1846 ,–295),(V ,2372 ,5251, +48),(VI ,738 ,1451, –40):}`
Which of the above elements is likely to be : (a) the least reactive element.
(b) the most reactive metal.
(c) the most reactive non-metal.
(d) the least reactive non-metal.
(e) the metal which can form a stable binary halide of the formula `MX_(2)`(X=halogen).
(f) the metal which can form a predominantly stable covalent halide of the formula MX (X=halogen)?

Text Solution

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a. The element `V` which has the highest `IE_(1)` and positive. `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` is the least reactive elements. Since inert gases have positive `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` , therefore, the element `V` must be an inert gas. The values of `IE_(1)`,`IE_(2)` and `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` match that of helium `(He)`.
b. The element `II` which has the least `IE_(1)` and a low negaive `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` is the recative metal. The values of `IE_(1)`,`IE_(2)` and `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` match that of `K` (potassium).
c. The element `III` which has high ` IE_(1)` and a very high negative `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` is the recative non-metal. The values of `IE_(1)`,`IE_(2)` and `(Delta_(eq)H)` match that of `F` (fluorine).
d. The element `IV` has a high negative `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` but not so high ` IE_(1)` . Therefore, it is the least reactive non-metal. The values of `IE_(1)`,`IE_(2)` and `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` match that of `I` (Iodine).
e. The element `VI` has low ` IE_(1)` but higher than that of alkali metals. Therefore, it appears that the element is an alkaline earth metal and hence will form binary halide of the formula `MX_(2)`(where `X`=halogen). The values of `IE_(1)`,`IE_(2)` and `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` match that of `Mg` (magnesium).
f. The element `I` has low `IE_(1)` but a very high `IE_(2)`, therefore, it must be an alkali metal. Since the metal forms a predominantly stable covalent halide of the formula MX(X=halogen), therefore ,the alkali metal must be least reactive. The values of `IE_(1)`,`IE_(2)` and `(Delta_(eq)H^(ө))` match that of `Li` (llithium).
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