The method chiefly used for the extraction of lead and tin from there oras are respectrively .

Options

A. Self-reduction and carbon reduction
B. Self-reduction and electrolytic reduction
C. Carbon reduction and self-reduction
D. Cyanide process and carbon reduction

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the extraction methods of lead and tin from their ores, we can break down the process into clear steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Ores**:
- Tin is primarily found in the ore known as cassiterite, which is composed mainly of tin oxide (SnO2).
- Lead is typically found in the ore galena, which is primarily lead sulfide (PbS).

2. **Extraction of Tin**:
- The extraction of tin from its ore involves several steps:
- **Grinding and Concentration**: The ore is first ground to a fine powder and then concentrated to remove impurities.
- **Smelting**: The concentrated tin oxide is then subjected to smelting, which is a reduction process.
- **Reduction with Carbon**: In the smelting process, carbon is used as a reducing agent. The reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{SnO}_2 + 2\text{C} \rightarrow \text{Sn} + 2\text{CO}_2 \]
- This process results in the extraction of tin metal.

3. **Extraction of Lead**:
- The extraction of lead from its ore involves the following steps:
- **Conversion of Sulfide to Oxide**: The lead sulfide (PbS) is first converted to lead sulfate (PbSO4) by roasting it in the presence of oxygen:
\[ 2\text{PbS} + 3\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{PbSO}_4 \]
- **Self-Reduction**: The lead sulfate can then be reduced back to lead metal using the self-reduction method. The reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{PbSO}_4 + \text{Pb} \rightarrow 2\text{Pb} + \text{SO}_2 \]
- This process yields lead metal and sulfur dioxide gas.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the methods chiefly used for the extraction of lead and tin from their ores are:
- **Tin**: Carbon reduction method.
- **Lead**: Self-reduction method.

### Final Answer:
The method chiefly used for the extraction of lead and tin from their ores are respectively:
- Tin: Carbon reduction
- Lead: Self-reduction

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