Coinage metals show the properties of

Options

A. Typical elements
B. Normal elements
C. Transitional elements
D. Inert elements

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify Coinage Metals**:
- Coinage metals are defined as the metals that are primarily used in making coins. The most common coinage metals are copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au).

2. **Understand the Properties of Coinage Metals**:
- Coinage metals exhibit several distinct properties:
- They have the highest electrical and thermal conductivity among metals.
- They are highly ductile and malleable, meaning they can be drawn into wires and shaped without breaking.

3. **Examine the Electron Configuration**:
- The electron configuration of coinage metals is characterized by having the outermost electrons in the ns1 and (n-1)d10 configuration.
- For example:
- Copper (Cu): [Ar] 4s1 3d10
- Silver (Ag): [Kr] 5s1 4d10
- Gold (Au): [Xe] 6s1 5d10

4. **Determine the Common Oxidation States**:
- Coinage metals typically exhibit a +1 oxidation state. This is due to the loss of a single ns electron, which is energetically favorable.

5. **Analyze the Ionic States**:
- In their ionic forms, coinage metals have incomplete d-orbitals:
- Copper (Cu²⁺): 3d⁹
- Silver (Ag⁺): 4d⁹
- Gold (Au³⁺): 5d⁸
- The presence of these incomplete d-orbitals is a key characteristic.

6. **Classify Coinage Metals**:
- Based on the properties and electron configurations, coinage metals are classified as **transitional elements**. This classification is due to their incomplete d-orbitals in their ionic states, which is a defining feature of transition metals.

### Final Answer:
Coinage metals show the properties of **transitional elements**.