During `SN^1` reactions, the leaving group leaves the molecule before the incoming group is attached to the molecule.
During `SN^1` reactions, the leaving group leaves the molecule before the incoming group is attached to the molecule.
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### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Understanding SN1 Reactions**:
- SN1 stands for Substitution Nucleophilic Unimolecular. This type of reaction involves two main steps: the formation of a carbocation and the nucleophilic attack.
2. **First Step - Leaving Group Departure**:
- In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the leaving group (in this case, bromine, Br) departs from the substrate (e.g., a haloalkane like CH3Br).
- This departure leads to the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The process can be represented as:
\[
\text{CH}_3\text{Br} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3^+ + \text{Br}^-
\]
- Here, the bromine atom leaves, resulting in a positively charged carbocation (CH3^+).
3. **Second Step - Nucleophile Attack**:
- In the second step, the nucleophile (for example, OH^-) attacks the carbocation formed in the first step.
- This can be represented as:
\[
\text{CH}_3^+ + \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{OH}
\]
- The nucleophile attaches to the carbocation, resulting in the final product, which is an alcohol (CH3OH).
4. **Conclusion**:
- The statement in the question is confirmed to be true: during SN1 reactions, the leaving group does indeed leave the molecule before the incoming nucleophile attaches to the molecule.
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Understanding SN1 Reactions**:
- SN1 stands for Substitution Nucleophilic Unimolecular. This type of reaction involves two main steps: the formation of a carbocation and the nucleophilic attack.
2. **First Step - Leaving Group Departure**:
- In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the leaving group (in this case, bromine, Br) departs from the substrate (e.g., a haloalkane like CH3Br).
- This departure leads to the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The process can be represented as:
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The leaving group is that functional group which is ejected with overline e^, s of the sigma -bond in a reaction. Better the leaving group, faster is the reaction. The relative leaving ability of the leaving group X in (R - X) is increased by : (i) The polarisability of (R - X) bond. (ii) The stability of X^(Ө) . (iii) The degree of stabilisation through solvation of X . (iv) The strength of (R - X) bond. The leaving group tendency is also called fugacity. Which of the following undergoes SN reaction easily ?
The leaving group is that functional group which is ejected with overline e^, s of the sigma -bond in a reaction. Better the leaving group, faster is the reaction. The relative leaving ability of the leaving group X in (R - X) is increased by : (i) The polarisability of (R - X) bond. (ii) The stability of X^(Ө) . (iii) The degree of stabilisation through solvation of X . (iv) The strength of (R - X) bond. The leaving group tendency is also called fugacity. Which statement is correct ?
The leaving group is that functional group which is ejected with overline e^, s of the sigma -bond in a reaction. Better the leaving group, faster is the reaction. The relative leaving ability of the leaving group X in (R - X) is increased by : (i) The polarisability of (R - X) bond. (ii) The stability of X^(Ө) . (iii) The degree of stabilisation through solvation of X . (iv) The strength of (R - X) bond. The leaving group tendency is also called fugacity. Which one of the followingd has the highest fugacity ?
The leaving group is that functional group which is ejected with overline e^, s of the sigma -bond in a reaction. Better the leaving group, faster is the reaction. The relative leaving ability of the leaving group X in (R - X) is increased by : (i) The polarisability of (R - X) bond. (ii) The stability of X^(Ө) . (iii) The degree of stabilisation through solvation of X . (iv) The strength of (R - X) bond. The leaving group tendency is also called fugacity. Which of the following is the wrong order of fugacity ?
Nucleophilic substitution reactions generally expressed as Nu^(-) +R-L rarr R-Nu +L^(-) Where Nu^(-) rarr Nucleophile , R-L rarr substrate, L rarr leaving group The best leaving groups are those that become the most stable ions after they depart. since most leaving group leave as a negatibe ion, the best leaving groups are those ions that stabilize a negative charge most effectively. A good leaving group should be (a) electron-withdrawing to polarize the carbon (b) stable once it has left (not a strong base) (c) polaristable to maintain partial bonding with the carbon in the transition state (both S_(N)1 and S_(N)2) . This bonding helps to stabilise the transition state and reduces the activation energy. (I) CH_(3)Br (II) CH_(3)F (III) CH_(3)OH (IV) CH_(3)OSO_(2)CF_(3) The correct order of decreasing reactivity of the above compounds towards CH_(3)O^(-) in an S_(N)2 reaction is: