Which of the following statement is/are correct ?

Options

A. Phenol is more easily oxidised than benzene.
B. Benzaldehyde and PhCI can be distiguished by `NaHSO_(3)`.
C. p-Cresol and benzoic acid can be distinguished by NaOH.
D. Phenol and benzoic acid can be distiguished by adding dry ice in aqueous NaOH solution.

Explanation

To determine which statements are correct regarding phenols, benzaldehyde, chlorobenzene, para-cresol, benzoic acid, and their reactions, we will analyze each statement step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement A: Phenol is more easily oxidized than benzene.**
- **Analysis:** Phenol contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group, which is an electron-donating group. This increases the electron density on the aromatic ring, making it more susceptible to oxidation. Benzene, lacking such a substituent, does not have increased electron density and is less easily oxidized.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **correct**.

2. **Statement B: Benzaldehyde and chlorobenzene can be distinguished by sodium bisulfite.**
- **Analysis:** Benzaldehyde reacts with sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) to form a bisulfite adduct, while chlorobenzene does not react with sodium bisulfite. This difference allows for the distinction between the two compounds.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **correct**.

3. **Statement C: Para-cresol and benzoic acid can be distinguished by NaOH.**
- **Analysis:** Both para-cresol (which has a hydroxyl group) and benzoic acid (which has a carboxylic acid group) react with NaOH to form their respective sodium salts. Since both compounds react similarly with NaOH, they cannot be distinguished by this reagent.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **incorrect**.

4. **Statement D: Phenol and benzoic acid can be distinguished by adding dry ice in an aqueous anhydrous solution.**
- **Analysis:** When dry ice (solid CO2) is added to a solution containing NaOH, it reacts to form sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Benzoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to form a sodium benzoate salt and releases CO2 gas. In contrast, phenol does not react with sodium bicarbonate, allowing for differentiation between the two.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **correct**.

### Final Conclusion:
The correct statements are:
- Statement A: Correct
- Statement B: Correct
- Statement C: Incorrect
- Statement D: Correct

Thus, the correct options are A, B, and D.

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