Give reason in one or two sentences form the following: 'o-nitrophenol is steam volatile, whereas p-nitrophenol is not'.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Structures:**
- Ortho-nitrophenol has the nitro group (-NO2) positioned adjacent to the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the benzene ring.
- Para-nitrophenol has the nitro group positioned opposite to the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring.

2. **Hydrogen Bonding in Ortho-nitrophenol:**
- In ortho-nitrophenol, the hydroxyl hydrogen can form an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the nitro group. This means that the hydrogen bond occurs within the same molecule, stabilizing it and allowing it to exist as a single entity.
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