What is Royal Water and give its composition.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Definition of Royal Water:**
- Royal Water, also known as Aqua Regia, is a highly corrosive and fuming liquid that is capable of dissolving noble metals.

2. **Composition of Royal Water:**
- Aqua Regia is prepared by mixing two concentrated acids:
- Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
- Concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3)
- The typical ratio for mixing these acids is 3:1 by volume, meaning:
- 3 parts of concentrated HCl
- 1 part of concentrated HNO3

3. **Properties of Royal Water:**
- It is a highly fuming liquid.
- It is highly corrosive in nature.

4. **Chemical Reactions Involved:**
- When concentrated hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are mixed, they react to form:
- Nitrosyl chloride (NOCl)
- Water (H2O)
- Nascent chlorine (atomic chlorine), which is highly reactive.
- The nascent chlorine is responsible for the ability of Aqua Regia to dissolve noble metals such as gold and platinum.

5. **Reactions with Noble Metals:**
- The nascent chlorine reacts with noble metals like gold (Au) to form complexes, such as:
- AuCl3 (gold(III) chloride)
- Similar reactions occur with platinum, leading to the formation of soluble complexes.