Explain why cation are smaller and anions larger in radii than their parent atoms?

Options

A. `CH_(3)-overset(OCH_(3))overset(|)underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(C)-CH_(2)CH_(2)NH_(2)`
B. `CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(CH)-underset(OCH_(3))underset(|)(CH)-CH_(2)Br`
C. `CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(CH)-CH_(2)-underset(OCH_(3))underset(|)(CH)-NH_(2)`
D. `CH_(2)-overset(OCH_(3))overset(|)underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(C)-underset(NH_(2))underset(|)(CH)-CH_(3)`

Explanation

i. 2-Methoxy -2-methyl propane is obtained by the oxidation of (D) followed by decarbozylation and thue (D) is
`CH_(3)-overset(OCH_(3))overset(|)underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(C)-CH_(2)CH_(2)OH`
ii. (D) is formed by the action of ` HNO_2` on (B ) thus (B ) is
`CH_(3)-overset(OCH_(3))overset(|)underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(C)-CH_(2)CH_(2)NH_(2)`
iii. (B) is formed by the acion of `NH_3` over (A) , a bromodecivatiove .
`(A) rArr CH_(3)-overset(OCH_(3))overset(|)underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(C)-CH_(2)CH_(2)Br`
Reactions : .