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In each of the following reactions, a ne...

In each of the following reactions, a new ring is formed. Use curved arrow notation to explain the formation of the new ring.
a. `1,4-` Dibromobutane `(0.1 mol)` is treated with sodium sulphide `(0.1 mol)` in aqueous ethanol.
b. `1-` Choloro `-2` (`2-` hydroxyphenyl) ethane is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

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To solve the problem of how new rings are formed in the given reactions, we will analyze each reaction step-by-step using curved arrow notation to illustrate the movement of electrons and the formation of new bonds. ### a. Reaction of 1,4-Dibromobutane with Sodium Sulfide 1. **Starting Material**: The starting material is 1,4-dibromobutane, which can be represented as: \[ \text{Br-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-Br} \] ...
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