An ethereal solution of 4-Nitrochlorobenzene is treated with metallic sodium. The product formed is :

Options

A. Aminobenzene
B. `4,4-` Dinitrodiphenyl
C. `p-` Chloroaniline
D. Benzene diazonium chloride

Explanation

To solve the problem of what product is formed when an ethereal solution of 4-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with metallic sodium, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Reactants**:
We have 4-nitrochlorobenzene, which is also known as para-nitrochlorobenzene. Its chemical structure can be represented as follows:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{Cl}(\text{NO}_2) \quad (\text{with Cl and NO}_2 at the para position}) \]

2. **Understand the Reaction Type**:
The reaction is a Wurtz-type reaction (also known as the Wurtz coupling reaction), which involves the coupling of two aryl halides in the presence of sodium metal. In this case, we will be using sodium to remove the halogen (chlorine) atoms.

3. **Determine the Reaction Mechanism**:
When 4-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with sodium, the sodium will react with the chlorine atoms. This will lead to the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) and the coupling of two 4-nitrochlorobenzene molecules.

4. **Write the Reaction**:
The reaction can be summarized as:
\[ 2 \, \text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{Cl}(\text{NO}_2) + 2 \, \text{Na} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{NO}_2)-\text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{NO}_2) + 2 \, \text{NaCl} \]
This results in the formation of 4,4'-dinitrobiphenyl.

5. **Identify the Product**:
The product formed is 4,4'-dinitrobiphenyl, which can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{NO}_2)-\text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{NO}_2) \]
This structure shows that two nitro groups are present on the biphenyl structure, specifically at the para positions.

6. **Final Answer**:
Therefore, the product formed when an ethereal solution of 4-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with metallic sodium is **4,4'-dinitrobiphenyl**.