Drawing the various resonating structures. Show that nitrobenzene activate the ortho & para position of the benzene ring for nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Drawing the various resonating structures, show that phenol is more acidic that alcohol.

Though Chlorine is an electron withdrawing group but it activate the ortho & para posi-tion in the benzene ring for electrophilic at-tack. Explain.

Writing various resonating structures show that arylamine is less basic than alkylamine.

Explain why alkoxy group (-OR) is ortho, para directing and activates the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution.

An optically active amide (A)C_5H_(11)NO on acid hydrolysis gives an acid and NH_3 . When (A) is treated with bromide and alkali a compound is obtained which one treatment with nitrous acid gives an optically active alcohol and nitrogen. The alcohol gives positive iodoform test. What is the structure of A and show the reactions involved.

Ortho and para nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol. Draw the resonance structures of the corresponding phenoxide ions.

P-nitrochlorobenzene undergoes nucleophilic substitution faster than chlorobenzene. Explain giving the resonating structures as well.