Poverty measurement is an unsettled issue, both conceptually and methodologically. Since poverty is a process as well as an outcome, many come out of it while others may be falling into it. The net effect of these two parallel processes is a proportion commonly identified as the 'head count ratio', but these ratios hide the fundamental dynamism that characterises poverty in practice. the most recent poverty re-estimates by an expert group has also missed the crucial dynamism. In a study conducted on 13,000 households which represented the entire country in 1993-94 and again in 2004-05, it was found that in the ten-year period 18.2% rural population moved out of poverty whereas another 22.1% fell into it over this period. This net increase of about four percentage points was seen to have a considerable variation across states and regions.
Which of the following is an assumption which is implicit in the facts stated in the above paragraph ?
1) It may not be possible to have an accurate poverty measurement in India.
2) Level of poverty in India is static over the years.
3) Researchers avoid making conclusions on poverty measurement data in India. 4) Govt of India has a mechanism to measure level of poverty effectively and accurately.
5) None of these

Explanation

5,