What is meant by acid rain ? How is acid rain caused ? What damage is caused by acid rain?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

**Step 1: Definition of Acid Rain**
- Acid rain is defined as rainwater that has a pH level lower than 5.6. Normal rainwater has a pH of about 5.6 due to the presence of carbonic acid formed from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. When the pH drops below this level, the rain is termed "acid rain."

**Step 2: Causes of Acid Rain**
- Acid rain is primarily caused by the presence of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is released from burning fossil fuels and industrial processes. When SO₂ reacts with oxygen and water in the atmosphere, it forms sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
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