Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Within the 3d series, manganese exhibits oxidation states in aqueous solution from +2 to +7, ranging from `Mn^(2+)(aq)` to `MnO_(4)^(-)` (aq). Likewise, iron forms both `Fe^(2+)(aq)` and `Fe^(3+)(aq)` as well as the `FeO_(4)^(2-)` ion. Cr and Mn form oxyions `CrO_(4)^(2-) , MnO_(4)^(-)`, owing to their willingness to form multiple bonds . The pattern with the early transition metals-in the 3d series up to Mn, and for the 4d, 5d metals up to Ru and Os—is that the maximum oxidation state corresponds to the number of ‘‘outer shell’’ electrons. The highest oxidation states of the 3d metals may depend upon complex formation (e.g., the stabilization of `Co^(3+)` by ammonia) or upon the pH (thus `MnO_(4)^(2-)` (aq) is prone to disproportionation in acidic solution). Within the 3d series, there is considerable variation in relative stability of oxidation states, sometimes on moving from one metal to a neighbor, thus, for iron, `Fe^(3+)` is more stable than `Fe^(2+)`, especially in alkaline conditions, while the reverse is true for cobalt. The ability of transition metals to exhibit a wide range of oxidation states is marked with metals such as vanadium, where the standard potentials can be rather small, making a switch between states relatively easy.
(Cotton, S. A. (2011). Lanthanides: Comparison to 3d metals. Encyclopedia of inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry.)
In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage.
Assertion: Vanadium had the ability to exhibit a wide range of oxidation states.
Reason: The standard potentials Vanadium are rather small, making a switch between oxidation states relatively easy.

Options

A. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
B. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
C. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
D. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the assertion and reason related to vanadium's ability to exhibit a wide range of oxidation states, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Analyze the Assertion
The assertion states: "Vanadium had the ability to exhibit a wide range of oxidation states."
- From the passage, we know that transition metals, including vanadium, are characterized by their ability to exhibit multiple oxidation states. The passage specifically mentions that vanadium is marked by its wide range of oxidation states. Therefore, the assertion is **true**.

### Step 2: Analyze the Reason
The reason states: "The standard potentials of Vanadium are rather small, making a switch between oxidation states relatively easy."
- The passage indicates that the standard potentials for metals like vanadium can be small, which facilitates the transition between different oxidation states. This aligns with the reason provided. Thus, the reason is also **true**.

### Step 3: Determine the Relationship
Now, we need to determine if the reason correctly explains the assertion.
- Since the assertion is about vanadium's ability to exhibit a wide range of oxidation states and the reason explains that this ability is due to small standard potentials allowing easy switching between states, the reason does indeed provide a correct explanation for the assertion.

### Conclusion
Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion.

### Final Answer
Thus, the correct answer is that both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion.

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