Ground tissue includes

Options

A. All tissues internal to endodermis
B. All tissues external to endodermis
C. All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles
D. Epidermis and cortex

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Ground Tissue**: Ground tissue is a type of plant tissue that is primarily responsible for storage, photosynthesis, and support. It is found between the epidermis (outer layer) and the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).

2. **Categories of Ground Tissue**: Ground tissue can be classified into three main types:
- **Parenchyma**: These cells have thin primary walls made of cellulose and remain alive at maturity. They are involved in storage and photosynthesis.
- **Collenchyma**: These cells have thin walls with some areas thickened by pectin, providing flexibility and support to young plants. They are also living cells.
- **Sclerenchyma**: These are dead cells at maturity, characterized by thick walls that are lignified (hardened) and have a lumen (central cavity). They provide structural support.

3. **Identifying the Correct Option**: The question asks what ground tissue includes. The options provided are:
- All tissues internal to endodermis
- All tissues external to endodermis
- All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles
- Epidermis and cortex

Based on the definitions and classifications, ground tissue includes all tissues except the epidermis and vascular bundles. Therefore, the correct answer is: **All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles constitute ground tissue**.

4. **Conclusion**: Ground tissue is an essential component of the plant structure, providing various functions through its different types, and the correct option reflects its composition accurately.

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