Endomembrane system of cell includes

Options

A. Golgi complex
B. Lysosome and vacuoles
C. ER
D. All of these

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of the Endomembrane System**:
The endomembrane system is a collection of membranous organelles within a cell that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

2. **Components of the Endomembrane System**:
The main components of the endomembrane system include:
- **Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)**:
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Involved in protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes.
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.
- **Golgi Complex**:
- Functions in the modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins and lipids received from the ER.
- **Lysosomes**:
- Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
- **Vacuoles**:
- Storage organelles that hold various substances such as nutrients, waste products, and pigments.

3. **Functioning of the Endomembrane System**:
- The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids, which are then transported to the Golgi complex.
- The Golgi complex modifies and packages these molecules for transport to lysosomes or for secretion out of the cell.
- Lysosomes digest macromolecules and can either recycle the components or send waste to the vacuoles for storage.
- Vacuoles store substances and help maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.

4. **Conclusion**:
The endomembrane system includes the Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, and endoplasmic reticulum, all of which work in a coordinated manner to ensure proper cellular function.