The term 'glycocalyx' is used for

Options

A. A layer surronding the cell wall of bacteria
B. A layer present between cell and membrane of bacteria
C. cell wall bacteria
D. Bacterial cell genetically engineered to possess N-glycosylated proteins

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Definition of Glycocalyx**: The term 'glycocalyx' refers to a layer that surrounds the cell wall of certain bacteria. It is a protective and sticky coating composed primarily of carbohydrates.

2. **Composition**: Glycocalyx is made up of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The prefix 'glyco-' indicates that it is rich in carbohydrate molecules. Glycoproteins are proteins that have carbohydrate chains attached, while glycolipids are lipids with carbohydrate groups attached.

3. **Function**: The glycocalyx serves several important functions. It acts as a protective layer for the cell, helps in cell recognition, and plays a role in the immune response by distinguishing between healthy and diseased cells.

4. **Presence in Bacteria**: Glycocalyx is particularly noted in certain bacteria, where it can help in adhesion to surfaces and protection against phagocytosis by immune cells.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the term 'glycocalyx' is used to describe the carbohydrate-enriched coating surrounding the cell wall of bacteria, which is crucial for various cellular functions.