Why is a capsule advantageous to a bacterium

Options

A. It allows the bacterium to attach to the surface
B. It protects the bacteium from desiccation
C. It provides means of locomotion
D. It allows bacterium to hide from host's immune system

Answer

### Step-by-Step Text Solution:

1. **Definition of Capsule**: A capsule is a protective layer found outside the cell wall of certain bacteria. It is primarily composed of polysaccharides and sometimes proteins.

2. **Attachment to Surfaces**: One of the advantages of the capsule is that it allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces. This attachment is crucial for colonization and infection, as it helps bacteria to establish themselves in a host or environment.

3. **Protection Against Desiccation**: The capsule provides a barrier that helps prevent desiccation (drying out) of the bacterial cell. This is particularly important for survival in harsh environments.

4. **Defense Against Immune System**: The capsule plays a significant role in protecting bacteria from the host's immune system. It acts as a shield against white blood cells, which are responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign invaders through a process called phagocytosis.

5. **Evasion of Phagocytosis**: By preventing phagocytosis, the capsule allows bacteria to evade destruction by the immune system. This enables them to survive longer in the host and multiply, potentially leading to infection.

6. **Conclusion**: Overall, the capsule is advantageous to bacteria because it enhances their ability to survive, attach, and evade the immune response, which can lead to successful colonization and infection.