_________ radiation damages DNA.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding DNA**:
- DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the genetic material found in various organisms, including humans. It carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living things.

2. **Properties of DNA**:
- DNA is a strong and durable molecule. It is resistant to degradation and does not easily break down when exposed to various chemicals or substances.

3. **Types of Radiation**:
- While DNA is generally stable, certain types of radiation can cause damage. The specific type of radiation that is known to damage DNA is called **ionizing radiation**.

4. **Mechanism of Damage**:
- Ionizing radiation can damage DNA in two primary ways:
- **Direct Breakage**: It can directly break the DNA molecule, leading to its denaturation and making it non-functional.
- **Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)**: Ionizing radiation can also lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which can further damage DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other cellular components.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that **ionizing radiation** damages DNA.

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