What is meant by humus?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Humus**: Humus is defined as the organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.

2. **Composition of Humus**: It consists of dead and decaying matter, which includes the remains of leaves, plants, and animals.

3. **Formation Process**: The formation of humus occurs through the action of microorganisms present in the soil. These microorganisms break down the dead and decaying organic matter.

4. **Importance of Humus**: Humus is crucial for soil fertility. It enriches the soil, improves its structure, and enhances its ability to retain moisture and nutrients, making it beneficial for plant growth.

5. **Conclusion**: In summary, humus is a vital component of healthy soil, resulting from the decomposition of organic matter and playing a key role in supporting plant life.