A chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are
damaged due to excessive cigarette smoking is

Options

A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Silicosis
D. Bronchitis

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Condition**: The question asks for a chronic disorder related to the damage of alveolar walls due to excessive cigarette smoking.

2. **Understand the Effects of Cigarette Smoking**: Cigarette smoking is known to cause various respiratory diseases. One of the major chronic conditions linked to smoking is emphysema.

3. **Define Emphysema**: Emphysema is characterized by the inflation or abnormal distention of the alveoli in the lungs. This occurs when the walls (septa) between the alveoli are damaged, leading to a loss of elasticity.

4. **Mechanism of Damage**: In emphysema, the elastic tissue in the alveolar walls is replaced by connective tissue, which reduces the surface area available for gas exchange. This results in the alveolar sacs remaining inflated even after expiration.

5. **Symptoms and Appearance**: Individuals with emphysema may exhibit a "pigeon chest" appearance due to the constant inflation of the lungs. This condition significantly impairs respiratory function.

6. **Conclusion**: Based on the information provided, the correct answer to the question is **emphysema**.

### Final Answer:
The chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged due to excessive cigarette smoking is **emphysema**.

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