Chemically glomerular filtrate is similar to blood plasma, except

Options

A. Urea
B. water
C. Proteins
D. Electrolytes

Answer

To answer the question "Chemically glomerular filtrate is similar to blood plasma, except," we need to analyze the composition of both blood plasma and glomerular filtrate, focusing on their differences.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Blood Plasma Composition**:
- Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood and contains water, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, waste products, and proteins (such as albumin and globulins).

2. **Understanding Glomerular Filtrate Composition**:
- Glomerular filtrate is formed when blood is filtered through the glomerulus in the kidneys. It contains water, electrolytes, small molecules (like glucose and urea), but lacks larger molecules.

3. **Filtration Process**:
- The filtration occurs in the Bowman's capsule, where blood passes through three layers: the squamous epithelium of the Bowman's capsule, the basement membrane, and the endothelium of the blood vessels.
- The filtration slits formed by podocytes (specialized cells in the Bowman's capsule) allow small molecules to pass while preventing larger molecules from entering the filtrate.

4. **Key Differences**:
- The primary difference between blood plasma and glomerular filtrate is the presence of proteins. Blood plasma contains proteins, while glomerular filtrate does not, due to their large size which prevents them from passing through the filtration barrier.

5. **Other Considerations**:
- While glucose is typically present in blood plasma, it is not found in glomerular filtrate unless the renal threshold is exceeded (180 mg/dL). Under normal conditions, glucose is reabsorbed, so it is not a significant component of the filtrate.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the statement can be concluded as: "Chemically, glomerular filtrate is similar to blood plasma except for the presence of proteins."

### Final Answer:
- Chemically, glomerular filtrate is similar to blood plasma, except it does not contain proteins.