Which of the following changes can occur in rsponse to increased Angiotensin-II level?

Options

A. Increase in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
B. Inhibition of aldosterone
C. Decrease in the GFR
D. Decrease in BCOP

Answer

To answer the question regarding the changes that can occur in response to increased Angiotensin-II levels, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Angiotensin-II**: Angiotensin-II is a peptide hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. It causes vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels.

2. **Identify Effects of Increased Angiotensin-II**: When Angiotensin-II levels increase, it leads to several physiological changes:
- **Vasoconstriction**: This increases the resistance in blood vessels, leading to an increase in blood pressure.
- **Increased Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure (GHP)**: The increased blood pressure results in higher hydrostatic pressure in the glomeruli of the kidneys, which can enhance the filtration rate.

3. **Evaluate the Options**:
- **Option 1: Increase the glomerular hydrostatic pressure**: This is correct because the increase in blood pressure due to vasoconstriction leads to an increase in GHP.
- **Option 2: Inhibition of aldosterone**: This is incorrect. Increased Angiotensin-II stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, which promotes sodium and water retention, further increasing blood pressure.
- **Option 3: Decrease the GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)**: This is also incorrect. The GFR typically increases with higher GHP, not decreases.
- **Option 4: Decrease the blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP)**: This is incorrect as well. The BCOP remains relatively unchanged in response to increased Angiotensin-II levels.

4. **Conclusion**: The only correct change that occurs in response to increased Angiotensin-II levels is an increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Option 1: Increase the glomerular hydrostatic pressure**.

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