An out-cross is produced when animals

Options

A. Within the same breed having common ancestors are mated
B. Within the same breed having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree upto 4-6 generations are mated
C. Of different breeds are mated
D. Of different species are mated

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Out-Crossing**: Out-crossing refers to the mating of animals within the same species but from different genetic backgrounds. This is done to increase genetic diversity and improve traits in the offspring.

2. **Identifying the Conditions for Out-Crossing**: For an out-cross to occur, the animals must be from the same breed but should not share a common ancestor for at least 4 to 6 generations. This ensures that the genetic material is diverse enough to produce healthy and viable offspring.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Animals within the same breed having a common ancestor are mated. This is incorrect because out-crossing requires no common ancestors.
- **Option 2**: Animals within the same breed having no common ancestor on either side of their pedigree up to 4 to 6 generations are mated. This is correct as it meets the criteria for out-crossing.
- **Option 3**: Animals of different breeds are mated. This is incorrect because out-crossing occurs within the same breed.
- **Option 4**: Animals of different species are mated. This is also incorrect as out-crossing is defined within the same species.

4. **Conclusion**: The correct answer is **Option 2**, which states that out-crossing is produced when animals within the same breed having no common ancestor on either side of their pedigree up to 4 to 6 generations are mated.