Techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis include

Options

A. PCR
B. ELISA
C. Serum analysis
D. Both (1) & (2)

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Early Diagnosis**: Early diagnosis is crucial in identifying diseases at an initial stage, which can lead to better treatment outcomes. Various techniques are employed for this purpose.

2. **Analyzing the Techniques**:
- **PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)**: This is a molecular biology technique used to amplify DNA sequences. It allows for the detection of specific genetic material from pathogens, making it a powerful tool for early diagnosis of infectious diseases and genetic disorders.

- **Laser Techniques**: While lasers are used in various medical applications, they are not typically associated with early diagnosis. They are more commonly used in treatment procedures, such as laser surgery or therapy.

- **Serum Analysis**: This technique involves analyzing blood serum for biomarkers or antibodies. It is widely used in early diagnosis of diseases, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancers.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- The first option is PCR, which is indeed a technique for early diagnosis.
- The second option is laser, which is not primarily used for early diagnosis.
- The third option is serum analysis, which is a valid technique for early diagnosis.
- The fourth option states "both 1 and 2," which is incorrect since laser is not a technique for early diagnosis.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis include PCR and serum analysis.

**Final Answer**: The techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis include PCR and serum analysis.

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